ROGER PENROSE (b. 1931) is an English mathematical physicist, mathematician and philosopher of science who calculated many of the basic features of black holes and has written bestselling books on the connection between fundamental physics and human (or animal) consciousness. He has received several major prizes and awards, including the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics, which he shared with Stephen Hawking for the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems, and the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, which he shared with Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez, "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity."
In 1969, Penrose and Hawking proved that all matter within a black hole collapses to a singularity, a geometric point in space where mass is compressed to infinite density and zero volume. Penrose also developed a method of mapping the regions of space-time surrounding a black hole. Such a map, which is called a Penrose diagram, allows one to visualize the effects of gravitation upon an entity approaching a black hole. He also discovered Penrose tiling, in which a set of shapes can be used to cover a plane without using a repeating pattern.
Penrose became interested in the problem of defining consciousness and wrote two books in which he argued that quantum mechanics is needed to explain the conscious mind: THE EMPEROR’S NEW MIND (1989) and SHADOWS OF THE MIND (1994). He also wrote THE ROAD TO REALITY (2004), a comprehensive overview of mathematics and physics, and CYCLES OF TIME (2010), where Penrose posits his theory of conformal cyclic cosmology, formulating the Big Bang as an endlessly recurring event.
The following books are in ePUB and/or PDF format as indicated:
* Cycles of Time (Knopf, 2011) — ePUB + PDF
* Emperor’s New Mind, The (Oxford, 1999) — ePUB
* Fashion, Faith and Fantasy in the New Physics (Princeton, 2016) — ePUB + PDF
* Large, the Small, and the Human Mind (Cambridge, 1997). M. Longair, ed. — PDF
* Nature of Space and Time [with S. Hawking] (Princeton, 2010) — ePUB
* Road to Reality, The (Jonathan Cape, 2004) — PDF
* Shadows of the Mind (Oxford, 1994) — PDF
* Spinors and Space-Time [2 vols.] (Cambridge, 2003) — PDF
* Techniques of Differential Topology in Relativity (SIAM, 1987) — PDF
* White Mars; or, The Mind Set Free [with Brian Aldiss] (Open Road, 2015) — ePUB
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